Question:
Assalamualaikum, SS Mufti. Is it permissible to offer condolences to non-Muslims?
Answer:
Waalaikumussalam wbt,
Alhamdulillah, praise and thanks to Allah for the countless blessings He has blessed us all with. Blessings and salutations to the Prophet Muhammad PBUH, his wives, his family, companions and all those that follow his teachings to the day of judgement.
In answering this issue, scholars have differing opinions (khilaf) and their opinions are divided into several opinions. Some stated that it is haram and there are others who ruled it makruh (undesirable).
The second opinion is the opinion of one of the narrations from Abi Hanifah, one qaul from Imam al-Shafie and madhhab Imam Ahmad and others on the condition that they do not oppose the Muslims, especially if we hope for them to embrace Islam or to bring their hearts closer to Islam. This is in accordance with a hadith from Anas RA, he said:
كَانَ غُلَامٌ يَهُودِيٌّ يَخْدُمُ النَّبِيَّ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ، فَمَرِضَ، فَأَتَاهُ النَّبِيُّ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ يَعُودُهُ، فَقَعَدَ عِنْدَ رَأْسِهِ، فَقَالَ لَهُ: أَسْلِمْ". فَنَظَرَ إِلَى أَبِيهِ وَهُوَ عِنْدَهُ فَقَالَ لَهُ: أَطِعْ أَبَا الْقَاسِمِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ، فَأَسْلَمَ، فَخَرَجَ النَّبِيُّ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ وَهُوَ يَقُولُ: الْحَمْدُ لِلهِ الَّذِي أَنْقَذَهُ مِنَ النَّارِ
A young Jewish boy used to serve the Prophet (ﷺ) and he became sick. So, the Prophet (ﷺ) went to visit him. He sat near his head and asked him to embrace Islam. The boy looked at his father, who was sitting there; the latter told him to obey Abul-Qasim and the boy embraced Islam. The Prophet (ﷺ) came out saying: "Praises be to Allah Who saved the boy from the Hell-fire."
Sahih al-Bukhari (1356)
We consider that it is included as doing good to non-Muslims who does not oppose the Muslims in line with the general divine revelation:
لَّا يَنْهَاكُمُ اللَّـهُ عَنِ الَّذِينَ لَمْ يُقَاتِلُوكُمْ فِي الدِّينِ وَلَمْ يُخْرِجُوكُم مِّن دِيَارِكُمْ أَن تَبَرُّوهُمْ وَتُقْسِطُوا إِلَيْهِمْ ۚ إِنَّ اللَّـهَ يُحِبُّ الْمُقْسِطِينَ ﴿٨﴾ إِنَّمَا يَنْهَاكُمُ اللَّـهُ عَنِ الَّذِينَ قَاتَلُوكُمْ فِي الدِّينِ وَأَخْرَجُوكُم مِّن دِيَارِكُمْ وَظَاهَرُوا عَلَىٰ إِخْرَاجِكُمْ أَن تَوَلَّوْهُمْ ۚ وَمَن يَتَوَلَّهُمْ فَأُولَـٰئِكَ هُمُ الظَّالِمُونَ
“Allah does not forbid you from those who do not fight you because of religion and do not expel you from your homes - from being righteous toward them and acting justly toward them. Indeed, Allah loves those who act justly. Allah only forbids you from those who fight you because of religion and expel you from your homes and aid in your expulsion - [forbids] that you make allies of them. And whoever makes allies of them, then it is those who are the wrongdoers.”
Surah al-Mumtahanah (8-9)
Ibn Kathir said: It means, Allah SWT does not prohibit you from doing good to the disbelievers who are not against you for your religion, such as the women and the weak among them. Allah SWT prohibits you from befriending those who declared war and drive you out or help to drive you out. (See Tafsir al-Qur’an al-Azim, 8/135)
Hopefully, this answer will comfort us and act as a guideline for us in interacting with our non-Muslim friends so that we can appreciate Fiqh al-Ta’ayush (Fiqh of Co-existence) as we have discussed in our previous answers.