Question:
Assalamualaikum ustaz. I want to ask, if I was travelling and I performed jamak and qasar for my zohor and asar prayer, then I continue my journey and arrives home before the time for asar prayer ends, do I have to replace my 4 rakaat asar prayer?
Hope for an explanation from you. Thank you.
Answer:
Waalaikumussalam,
Alhamdulillah, praise and thanks to Allah for the many countless blessings He has blessed us all with. Blessings and salutations to the Prophet Muhammad PBUH, his wives, his family, companions and all those that follow his teachings to the day of judgement.
Jamak prayer for traveller is divided into two, which are jamak taqdim (grouping two obligatory prayers and perform them in the time of the first prayer) and jamak ta’khir (grouping two obligatory prayers and perform them in the time of the second prayer).
Qasar prayer is shortening the rakaat of prayer from four to two rakaat for zohor, asar and isyak prayer.
Among the conditions that will enable a person to get the facilitation to perform these prayers is he has to be travelling:
وَيُشْتَرَطُ كَوْنُهُ أَيْ الشَّخْصِ النَّاوِي لِلْقَصْرِ (مُسَافِرًا فِي جَمِيعِ صَلَاتِهِ، فَلَوْ نَوَى الْإِقَامَةَ) الْقَاطِعَةَ لِلتَّرَخُّصِ (فِيهَا) أَوْ شَكَّ هَلْ نَوَاهَا أَوْ لَا (أَوْ بَلَغَتْ سَفِينَتُهُ) فِيهَا (دَارَ إقَامَتِهِ) أَوْ شَكَّ هَلْ بَلَغَهَا أَوْ لَا (أَتَمَّ) لِزَوَالِ سَبَبِ الرُّخْصَةِ
“And the condition for a person to pray in qasar is to be travelling for his every prayer and if he intends to temporarily reside at a certain place then this facilitation is no longer applicable or he is unsure whether he will stay or not, or his vehicle has arrive at his temporary resident or uncertain if he has arrived or not, then he should perform tamam (four rakaat prayer) for the reason for facilitation has ceased to exist.” (See Mughni al-Muhtaj 1/528)
When a person arrives at a place that he will temporarily reside for four days not including the day he arrives and leaves, then he is considered as a resident and it is impermissible for him to shorten his prayer. The reason is the facilitation for qasar is exclusive for travellers.
Thus, according to the above question, we will focus our discussion for jamak taqdim.
Referring to al-Fiqh al-Manhaji, among the valid conditions of jamak taqdim is that the person must still be travelling when he starts his second prayer (takbiratul ihram for the second prayer). Hence, it is not an issue if he arrives home even when he has not completed his second prayer. (See al-Fiqh al-Manhaji 1/89)
Imam al-Nawawi said:
وَلَوْ جَمَعَ تَقْدِيمًا فَصَارَ بَيْنَ الصَّلَاتَيْنِ مُقِيمًا بَطَلَ الْجَمْعُ. وَفِي الثَّانِيَةِ وَبَعْدَهَا لَا يَبْطُلُ فِي الْأَصَحّ
“If a traveller performs jamak for his prayer, then in between the prayer (the first prayer) he become a resident; then his jamak is invalid. However, (if he becomes a resident) during the second prayer or after the completion of the second prayer, then his prayer is valid according to the sahih opinion.”
According to Imam al-Syarbini when he was explaining the above paragraph, if a traveller becomes a resident when he was performing the second prayer or after he completes the second prayer; then his jamak prayer is not invalidated. The reason is he has completed his prayer before he is no longer a traveller. (See Mughni al-Muhtaj 1/533)
A traveller’s facilitation is no longer applicable when he became a resident, whether by his arrival at a place he intends to reside or a place where the facilitation for jamak and qasar ends or he has set an intention to reside (stay at a certain place for four or more days not including the day he arrives and returns home).
Closing
To conclude, according to madhhab Syafie among the valid conditions of jamak taqdim is a person must be a traveller when he begins his second prayer (takbiratul ihram of his second prayer).
Thus, according to the question asked, the jamak taqdim prayer is valid and it is unnecessary to replace the second prayer even if he has arrived at his place of residence when the second time of prayer has not begun or ends.
As an example, a person performs jamak taqdim for zohor and asar prayer and arrives home before or after the time of asar prayer begins, then it is unnecessary to replace the asar prayer for he has already performed it earlier when he was still travelling.
May Allah SWT give us the correct understanding in practising the teachings of Islam and that our deeds are accepted by Allah SWT.
Wallahua’lam.